Biostratigraphy is a branch/element of stratigraphy which deals with the distribution of fossils in the stratigraphic units to determine the age of the strata.
Unlike lithostratigraphy, it only
deals with the biological contents that are preserved in the rock sequence
during the time of formation of the strata.
According to this, with respect to
the relative age of the biological content or simply fossil content present in
the rock, the age of the rock sequence can be determined by knowing the age of
the fossil content.
During the formation of the rock
sequence, parts of dead plants and animals are preserved in the form of trace
as trace fossil, when whole body is preserved it is called body fossil and
sometime the characteristic dominant fossil of one geological age called index
fossil and many others are preserved in the rocks.
The different sequence of the bed
contains different type of fossils and it is very important to know that
different plant and animals possess different lifespan in different geological
ages. And when they as preserved as fossils in any particular sequence then
they represent the relative age of that particular geological history.
That’s why biostratigraphy plays a
vital role to describe the geological history of the earth.
Biostratigraphic correlation:
It is a scientific study of
determining the geological age of the rocks or simply strata by comparing the
fossil content present in different sequence or geological profile.
Principle of Biostratigraphy:
1)
Principle of floral and faunal succession:
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